Utrecht - Knowledge (XXH) (2024)

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3466:, making cycling safe and popular. 33% of journeys within the city are by bicycle, more than any other mode of transport. (Cars, for example, account for 30% of trips). Bicycles are used by young and old people, and by individuals and families. They are mostly traditional, upright, steel-framed bicycles, with few gears. There are also bucket bikes for carrying cargo such as groceries or small children. Thanks in part to the access provided by bicycles, 100% of the population lives in a3775:

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3759:). Its acoustics are considered among the best of the 20th-century original music halls. The original Vredenburg music hall has been redeveloped as part of the larger station area redevelopment plan and in 2014 gained additional halls that allowed its merger with the rock club Tivoli and the SJU jazzpodium. There are several other venues for music throughout the city. Young musicians are educated in the2677:

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3801:("Nijntje", in Dutch). BAK, offers contemporary art exhibitions and public events, as well as a Fellowship program for practitioners involved in contemporary arts, theory and activisms. Although street art is illegal in Utrecht, the Utrechtse Kabouter, a picture of a gnome with a red hat, became a common sight in 2004. Utrecht also houses one of the landmarks of modern architecture, the 19242694:

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1137:) were built, on top of which the main street, including houses, was constructed. The wharfs and the cellars are accessible from a platform at water level with stairs descending from the street level to form a unique structure. The relations between the bishop, who controlled many lands outside of the city, and the citizens of Utrecht was not always easy. The bishop, for example dammed the3713:

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3904:. Kampong's men and women top hockey squads play in the highest Dutch hockey league, the Rabohoofdklasse. Utrecht is also home to baseball and softball club UVV, which plays in the highest Dutch baseball league: de Hoofdklasse. Utrecht's waterways are used by several rowing clubs. Viking is a large club open to the general public, and the student clubs Orca and Triton compete in the143:

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1441:). Protest against further modernisation of the city centre followed even before the last buildings were finalised. In the early 21st century, the whole area is undergoing change again. The redeveloped music centre TivoliVredenburg opened in 2014 with the original Vredenburg and Tivoli concert and rock and jazz halls brought together in a single building.3236:. It is lined with the unique wharf-basem*nt structures that create a two-level street along the canals. The inner city has largely retained its medieval structure, and the moat ringing the old town is largely intact. In the 1970s part of the moat was converted into a motorway. It was then converted back into a waterway, the work being finished in 2020.3544:. The container terminal has a capacity of 80,000 containers a year. In 2003, the port facilitated the transport of four million tons of cargo; mostly sand, gravel, fertiliser and fodder. Additionally, some tourist boat trips are organised from various places on the Oudegracht; and the city is connected to touristic shipping routes through sluices.287:

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1260:. The halt to building before construction of flying buttresses in the 15th century now proved to be the undoing of the cathedral of St Martin church's central section which collapsed, creating the current Dom square between the tower and choir. In 1713, Utrecht hosted one of the first international peace negotiations when the3220:

stadium (2007). These buildings, the 'Kantoortoren Galghenwert' and 'Apollo Residence', stand 85.5m (280.5ft) and 64.5m (211.6ft) high, respectively. The former Utrecht Main Post Office, built in 1924, is still in the city centre at Neude square, but is now serving as library,

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Utrecht has a young population, with many inhabitants in the age category from 20 and 30years, due to the presence of a large university. About 52% of the population is female, 48% is male. The majority of households (52.5%) in Utrecht are single-person households. About 29% of people living in

1245:. This was the start of a long period of stagnation of trade and development in Utrecht. Utrecht remained an atypical city in the new republic being about 40% Catholic in the mid-17th century, and even more so among the elite groups, who included many rural nobility and gentry with town houses there.3414:

The main local and regional bus station of Utrecht is located adjacent to Utrecht Centraal railway station, at the East and West entrances. Due to large-scale renovation and construction works at the railway station, the station's bus stops are changing frequently. As a general rule, westbound buses

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regularly invaded the Roman territories. After around 275 the Romans could no longer maintain the northern border, and Utrecht was abandoned. Little is known about the period from 270 to 650. Utrecht is first spoken of again several centuries after the Romans left. Under the influence of the growing

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Because of the role of Utrecht as a fortified city, construction outside the medieval centre and its city walls was restricted until the 19th century. Surrounding the medieval core there is a ring of late-19th- and early-20th-century neighbourhoods, with newer neighbourhoods positioned farther out.

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The transition from independence to a relatively minor part of a larger union was not easily accepted. To quell uprisings, Charles V struggled to exert his power over the city's citizens who had struggled to gain a certain level of independence from the bishops and were not willing to cede this to

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in 2023 as one of several capitals for the European games industry as a whole. Utrecht's influence in this field was caused by video game development courses at its universities, which were the first such courses in Europe when launched in 2002. Since 2008 Utrecht has also been home to the studio

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artists. The city subsidises an organisation for amateur education in arts aimed at all inhabitants (Utrechts Centrum voor de Kunsten), as does the university for its staff and students. Additionally there are also several private initiatives. The city council provides coupons for discounts to

3212:. An ongoing debate is over whether any building in or near the centre of town should surpass the Dom Tower in height (112m). Nevertheless, some tall buildings are now being constructed that will become part of the skyline of Utrecht. The second-tallest building of the city, the947:

bestowed the fortress in Utrecht and the surrounding lands as the base of the bishops. From then on Utrecht became one of the most influential seats of power for the Catholic Church in the Netherlands. The archbishops of Utrecht were based at the uneasy northern border of the

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Production industry constitutes a small part of the economy of Utrecht. The economy of Utrecht depends for a large part on the several large institutions located in the city. It is the centre of the Dutch railway network and the location of the head office of

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Utrecht is the centre of a densely populated area, a fact which makes concise definitions of its agglomeration difficult, and somewhat arbitrary. The smaller Utrecht agglomeration of continuously built-up areas counts some 420,000 inhabitants and includes

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To promote culture, Utrecht city organizes cultural Sundays. During a thematic Sunday, several organisations create a program which is open to everyone without, or with a substantially reduced, admission fee. There are also initiatives for

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1054:, from 1420. By that time, however, the age of the great cathedrals had come to an end and declining finances prevented the ambitious project from being finished, the construction of the central nave being suspended before the planned1178:, with the religious power remaining with the bishop, although Charles V had gained the right to appoint new bishops. In 1559 the bishopric of Utrecht was raised to archbishopric to make it the religious centre of the Northern6373:

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Utrecht city had a population of 361,924 in 2022. It is a growing municipality and projections are that the population will surpass 392,000 by 2025. As of November 2019, the city of Utrecht has a population of 357,179.

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to protect his estates from flooding. This threatened shipping for the city and led the city of Utrecht to commission a canal to ensure access to the town for shipping trade: the Vaartse Rijn, connecting Utrecht to the

1105:), founded in the 11th century, with the current Gothic church dating back to the 14th century; the Buurkerk (Neighbourhood-church) of the 11th-century parish in the centre of the city; Nicolaichurch (dedicated to956:. After the fall of Dorestad around 850, Utrecht became one of the most important cities in the Netherlands. The importance of Utrecht as a centre of Christianity is illustrated by the election of the Utrecht-born5081:

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finally gathering speed in the Netherlands and the ramparts taken down, Utrecht began to grow far beyond its medieval centre. When the Dutch government allowed the bishopric of Utrecht to be reinstated by

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was built to house a large garrison whose main task was to maintain control over the city. The castle would last less than 50years before it was demolished in an uprising in the early stages of the

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that remains largely intact today. Growth of the city increased when, in 1843, a railway connecting Utrecht to Amsterdam was opened. After that, Utrecht gradually became the main hub of the

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countries, while 24.8% of the population has at least one parent who is of 'non-Western origin' (8.8% from Morocco, 4% Turkey, 3% Surinam and Dutch Caribbean and 9.1% of other countries).

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3216:-tower, was completed in 2010 and stands 105m (344ft) tall. Two antennas will increase that height to 120m (394ft). Two other buildings were constructed around the7890:

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Utrecht city has an active cultural life, and in the Netherlands is second only to Amsterdam. There are several theatres and theatre companies. The 1941 main city theatre was built by

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disapproved of the independent course of the Utrecht bourgeoisie and brought the city under much more direct control of the republic, shifting the power towards its dominant province

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For 62.8% of the population of Utrecht both parents were born in the Netherlands. Approximately 12.4% of the population consists of people with a recent migration background from

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troops that had surrounded the city entered it after that surrender, on 7 May 1945. Following the end of World War II, the city grew considerably when new neighbourhoods such as

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were moved east of Utrecht. The town walls could now be demolished to allow for expansion. The moats remained intact and formed an important feature of the Zocher plantsoen, an

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3478:. This three-floor construction will cost an estimated €48million and will hold 12,500 bicycles. The bicycle parking station was finally opened on 19 August 2019.5062:

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is the main railway station of Utrecht and is the largest in the country. There are regular intercity services to all major Dutch cities, including direct services to

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should also be counted towards the Utrecht agglomeration, bringing the total to 640,000 inhabitants. The larger region, including slightly more remote cities such as

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6038:"A composite X-minute city cycling accessibility metric and its role in assessing spatial and socioeconomic inequalities – A case study in Utrecht, the Netherlands"7528:

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Population of the city of Utrecht by country of birth of the parents of citizens (2022). Those with a mixed background are counted in the 'non Dutch' groupings.

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871:. In 11th-century official documents, it was Latinized as Ultra Traiectum. Around the year 200, the wooden walls of the fortification were replaced by sturdier679:

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has a collection of historical items including many charters with seals dating from as far back as the early 13th century and a collection of medieval coins.

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Its location on the banks of the river Rhine allowed Utrecht to become an important trade centre in the Northern Netherlands. The growing town was granted

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3915:, in which more than 2,000 young athletes competed in nine different Olympic sports. In July 2015, Utrecht hosted the Grand Départ and first stage of the3247:

Due to the past importance of Utrecht as a religious centre, several monumental churches were erected, many of which have survived. Most prominent is the

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call at Utrecht Centraal. Regular local trains to all areas surrounding Utrecht also depart from Utrecht Centraal; and service several smaller stations:

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As of 2013, the largest religion is Christianity with 28% of the population being Christian, followed by Islam with 9.9% in 2016 and Hinduism with 0.8%.

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3528:. Due to the increasing traffic and the ancient city plan, traffic congestion is a common phenomenon in and around Utrecht, causing elevated levels of1129:

at Utrecht on 2 June 1122. When the main flow of the Rhine moved south, the old bed which still flowed through the heart of the town became ever more

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treaty (Dutch: Unie van Utrecht), in which they decided to join forces against Spanish rule. The Union of Utrecht is seen as the beginning of the

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The city of Utrecht is subdivided into 10 city quarters, all of which have their own neighbourhood council and service centre for civil affairs.

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3446:. Furthermore, it acts as departure and arrival place of many coach companies serving holiday resorts in Spain and France—and during winter in3312:

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Almost all other canal cities in The Netherlands (such as Amsterdam and Delft) have the water in canals bordering directly to the road surface

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Because of its central location, Utrecht is well connected to the rest of the Netherlands and has a well-developed public transport network.

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There are many art galleries in Utrecht. There are also several foundations to support art and artists. Training of artists is done at the

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and more than 90% can get to the major destination types within 10 minutes. In 2014, the city council decided to build the world's largest

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1078:'s church building started around 1090 (demolished in the early 19th century, cloister survives). Besides these churches, the city housed6107:

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BAK, basis voor actuele kunst, an international platform for theoretically-informed, politically driven art and experimental research

3747:. In addition to theatres, there is a large number of cinemas including three arthouse cinemas. Utrecht is host to the international7495:

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Utrecht has several smaller and larger museums. Many of those are located in the southern part of the old town, the Museumkwartier.

3884:. It is also the home of Kampong, the largest (amateur) sportsclub in the Netherlands (4,500 members), SV Kampong. Kampong features3336:

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and the northern parts of France) as a personal union. This ended the prince-bishopric of Utrecht, as the secular rule was now the

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and secondary education, allowing parents to select from different philosophies and religions in the school as is inherent in the

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Bouman-Eijs, Anita; van Bree, Thijmen; Jonkhoff, Wouter; Koops, Olaf; Manshanden, Walter; Rietveld, Elmer (17 December 2012).

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891:'s reign in the 7th century, a church was built within the walls of the Roman fortress. In ongoing border conflicts with the2756:

Utrecht has been the religious centre of the Netherlands since the 8th century. Currently it is the see of the Metropolitan

1337:, Vogelenbuurt to the East, and Lombok to the West were developed. New middle-class residential areas, such as Tuindorp and1237:. In 1580, the new and predominantly Protestant state abolished the bishoprics, including the archbishopric of Utrecht. The113:

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Uniek in de stad. De oudste geschiedenis van de kloostergemeenschap op de Hohorst sinds 1050 de Sint-Paulusabdij te Utrecht

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Utrecht is well-connected to the Dutch road network. Two of the most important major roads serve the city of Utrecht: the

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in 1853, Utrecht became the centre of Dutch Catholicism once more. From the 1880s onward, neighbourhoods such as Oudwijk,

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Several churches and monasteries were built inside, or close to, the city of Utrecht. The most dominant of these was the

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3613:, which has launched a number of studios in the area. By 2014 the program had created 200 jobs. Utrecht is also home to1285:

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Lichte Gaard 9. Archeologisch onderzoek naar het castellum en het bisschoppelijk paleis. Basisrapportage archeologie 41

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museum for the grocer's shop where people can buy old-fashioned food and non-food items, located at Hoogt 6 in Utrecht.

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Utrecht are either married, or have another legal partnership. About 3% of the population of Utrecht is divorced.

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In the early 19th century, the role of Utrecht as a fortified town had become obsolete. The fortifications of the

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which offers a selection of contemporary international theatre, together with visual arts, public art and music.

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3661:'s university ranking in 2014, it is the 57th-best university in the world. Utrecht also houses the much smaller3491:

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has many exhibitions on the arts, including a permanent exhibition on the works of Utrecht resident illustrator

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and St John's churches; the gothic churches of St James and St Nicholas; and the Buurkerk, now converted into a

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heavily affected Utrecht. The prince-bishopric was involved in almost continuous conflicts with the Counts of

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Knap, Elizabeth; Ulak, Mehmet Baran; Geurs, Karst T.; Mulders, Alex; Van Der Drift, Sander (December 2023).

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In 1528 the bishop lost secular power over both Neder- and Oversticht—which included the city of Utrecht—to

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Over the ages famous people have been born and/or raised in Utrecht. Among the most famous Utrechters are:

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4156:. De Parade, a travelling theatre festival, performs in Utrecht in summer. The city also hosts the yearly3814:

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university district. The local bus fleet is one of Europe's cleanest, using only buses compliant with the

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with 30,449 students (as of 2012). The university is partially based in the inner city as well as in the

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De Top 20 van Europese grootstedelijke regio's 1995–2011; Randstad Holland in internationaal perspectief

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National Museum in the centre of the city, displays several centuries of mechanical musical instruments;

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3532:. This has led to a passionate debate in the city about the best way to improve the city's air quality.3064:

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Utrecht's ancient city centre features many buildings and structures, several dating as far back as the

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994:. The territory of the bishopric not only included the modern province of Utrecht (Nedersticht, 'lower6737:

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observatory and museum that regularly hosts lectures on astronomy, located at Zonnenburg 2 in Utrecht;

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Although there is some evidence of earlier inhabitation in the region of Utrecht, dating back to the

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Utrecht is also home to two other large institutions of higher education: the vocational university

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as well as electric buses for inner-city transport. Regional buses from the city are operated by

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1066:(demolished in the 16th century), on the Dom square, dating back to the early 8th century. Saint949:

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depart from the bus station on the west entrance, other buses from the east side station. Local

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Utrecht hosts several large institutions of higher education. The most prominent of these is

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van der Tuuk, Luit (2005). "Denen in Dorestad". In van der Eerden, Ria; etal. (eds.).

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Top 20 of European metropolitan regions 1995–2011; Randstad Holland compared internationally

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stone walls, remnants of which are still to be found below the buildings around Dom Square.

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724:. It has been the religious centre of the Netherlands since the 8th century. In 1579, the183:

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De Salvator- of Oudmunsterkerk te Utrecht, Stichtingsmonument van het bisdom Utrecht

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The Utrecht Centraal railway station is also served by the pan-European services of

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Chronologisch woordenboek. De ouderdom en herkomst van onze woorden en betekenissen

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and the station itself were developed following modernist ideas of the 1960s, in a

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decided the empire should not expand further north. To consolidate the border, the

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Another landmark is the old centre and the canal structure in the inner city. The

952:. In addition, the city of Utrecht had competition from the nearby trading centre6165:"Amsterdam-Rhine Canal (canal, the Netherlands) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia"6054:

6037:

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6405:"Going Dutch: teamLab to launch permanent exhibition in the Netherlands in 2024"5778:

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1252:, Dutch: Rampjaar). The French invasion was stopped just west of Utrecht at the1238:

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1437:, 1979), and conversion of part of the ancient canal structure into a highway (7803:

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6078:"Utrecht to build world's biggest bike park – for 12,500 bikes – DutchNews.nl"4521:

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4082:, EKKO, dB's and RASA. Utrecht hosts the yearly Utrecht Early Music Festival (3877:

3868:

team pauses with their coach by the Muntbrug, a rotating bridge built in 1887.

3818:, an endless poem in the cobblestones of the Oude Gracht in Utrecht. With the3794:

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3689:(37,000 students), with locations in the city and the Uithof campus; and the3587:

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26:

This article is about the Dutch city and municipality. For the province, see

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Besides these buildings which belonged to the bishopric, an additional four

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842:) compared to today's Rhine flow. These fortresses were designed to house a815:

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209:

142:

6608:"Utrecht 2015: the colour of cycling – News pre-race – Tour de France 2014"5239:

Een kerk van papier. De geschiedenis van de voormalige Mariakerk te Utrecht

1398:

5853:"Joining the circle: Utrecht removes road to be ringed by water once more"7659:

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inhabitants who receive welfare to be used with many of the initiatives.

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region was seized by Guelders, but large areas in the modern province of

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of about 500 Roman soldiers. Near the fort, settlements grew that housed

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6424:"How the Dutch Game Garden Helped Remake Video Games in the Netherlands"1248:

The fortified city temporarily fell to the French invasion in 1672 (the

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4389: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.3889:

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3755:. The city has an important classical music hall Vredenburg (1979 by3654:

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style. This development led to the construction of the shopping mall

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20:

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6356:"Utrecht is the gaming capital of Europe and that's making millions"5652:

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housing area was developed as an extension of the city to the west.

7070:

CU 2030, redevelopment of the Utrecht Central railroad station area

6812:

3232:

is a curved canal, partly following the ancient main branch of the

3208:, the tallest belfry in the Netherlands and originally part of the998:'), but also extended to the northeast. The feudal conflict of the732:. Utrecht was the most important city in the Netherlands until the7648:

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scheme running southwards from Utrecht Centraal to the suburbs of

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7002:. Washington, DC, US: Sister Cities International. Archived from6842:

5473:"Klimaattabel De Bilt, langjarige gemiddelden, tijdvak 1981–2010"5189:

4657:

1341:, were built in the 1920s and 1930s. During this period, several1030:, inside the old Roman fortress. The construction of the present4456:

4271:

3826:

as a growing monument created for the benefit of future people.

3128:

1268:. Beginning in 1723, Utrecht became the centre of the non-Roman1051:

1046:

were finished from 1320 and were followed then by the ambitious

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defense line was constructed along the main branch of the river

7510:

7296:

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4358:

4313:(born 1945), actor, musician, singer-songwriter and author of4000:

Railway sponsored museum on the history of the Dutch railways;

3673:

3416:

1210:: the Surrender of Utrecht on 30 June 1672 to the French king799:

7077:

6689:

5883:"Utrecht restores historic canal made into motorway in 1970s"5622:

5347:

5135:(in Dutch) (12thed.). Utrecht: Aula. pp.289–296.763:

included Utrecht in the top 10 of the world's unsung places.

613:

5373:

5321:

4587:[Mayor] (in Dutch). Gemeente Utrecht. Archived from3676:

program was rated the 24th best program in the world by the

3462:

Like most Dutch cities, Utrecht has an extensive network of

2386:

2288:

2190:

853:

In Roman times, the name of the Utrecht fortress was simply

6745:

6108:"Finally fully open: Utrecht's huge bicycle parking garage"3600:

Utrecht is also informally considered the "capital" of the

717:. It has a population of 361,699 as of December2021.705:, in the very centre of mainland Netherlands, and includes686:, as well as the capital and the most populous city of the622:

5722:

2919:. It is sometimes argued that the close by municipalities6948:"City of Brno Foreign Relations – Statutory city of Brno"6585:

5979:"Railway Gazette: Qbuzz wins Utrecht sneltram concession"4718:"Bevolkingsontwikkeling; Regionale kerncijfers Nederland"1058:

could be finished. Besides the cathedral there were four

740:

as the country's cultural centre and most populous city.

610:

7284:

List of cities, towns and villages in Utrecht (province)

7069:

6813:"Museum voor het kruideniersbedrijf - Kruideniersmuseum"5295:

4330:(born 1990), mixed martial artist and former kickboxing3657:

campus area, on the east side of the city. According to

915:

is not connected to the tower since the collapse of the

911:

seen from the city centre. The remaining section of the

576:

6300:"De administratiegebouwen van de spoorwegen te Utrecht"4419:

List of twin towns and sister cities in the Netherlands

3423:; its services include a high-frequency service to the755:; it has the busiest train station in the Netherlands,6637:

6194:

5677:. Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. 2 October 2014.4960:(in Dutch). Utrecht: SPOU & Het Utrechts Archief.4958:

Twintig eeuwen Utrecht, korte geschiedenis van de stad

3751:(Festival Oude Muziek, for music before 1800) and the2143:(1991–2020 normals, snowy days normals for 1971–2000)728:

was signed in the city to lay the foundations for the

6409:

The Art Newspaper - International art news and events

5931:(in Dutch) (1sted.). Wandelplatform-LAW. 2004.5426:"Historic wharf photos from the Utrecht City Archive"3872:

Utrecht is home to the premier league (professional)

3354:), the largest rail operator in the Netherlands, and3339:

closed in 1939 and has since been converted into the

3240:

The eastern part of Utrecht remains fairly open. The

863:"uut" (downriver) added to distinguish U-trecht from637:

625:

6472:"About the University of Humanistic Studies (Dutch)"3257:

museum for automatically playing musical instruments

1345:

houses and office buildings were built, followed by

899:

Centre of Christianity in the Netherlands (650–1579)

628:

619:

616:

7219:

7170:

5538:

5536:

5534:

2760:, the most senior Dutch Roman Catholic leader. His982:When the Frankish rulers established the system of923:By the mid-7th century, British, English and Irish823:. A series of such fortresses were built after the607:

571:

561:

549:

528:

511:

501:

490:

479:

468:

460:

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439:

428:

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371:

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346:

44:

7037:Inwonertallen van Nederlandse steden ca. 1300–18004910:"Gemeente Utrecht, Geschiedenis Utrecht voor 1528"1050:. The last part to be constructed was the central4815:

4813:

3812:Every Saturday, a paviour adds another letter to3597:, a large bank, has its headquarters in Utrecht.2767:Utrecht is also the see of the archbishop of the1038:construction had been badly damaged by fire. The698:of Utrecht is located in the eastern part of the4690:[Population growth; regions per month].4090:, a large gabber music event, have been held in3251:. Other notable churches include the romanesque1368:, the first department store in The Netherlands.1229:In 1579 the northern seven provinces signed the7891:Populated places established in the 1st century4279:(1925–2011), actor, writer, comedian and singer4006:, are located at Hamburgerstraat 28 in Utrecht;3390:. On 16 December 2019 the new tram line to the3346:Utrecht is the location of the headquarters of2480:

6950:(in Czech). City of Brno. 2003. Archived from5014:(in Dutch). Amsterdam / Antwerp. p.100.4608:

4606:

3771:of automatically playing musical instruments.3540:Utrecht has an industrial port located on the7837:List of cities in the Netherlands by province7522:

7308:

7143:

6610:. Letour.fr. 28 November 2013. Archived from5777:. Utrecht.nl. 4 December 1993. Archived from5374:"Geertekerk – Remonstrantse Gemeente Utrecht"4947:

4945:

4943:

4941:

4939:

4937:

4935:

4933:

4931:

4768:(18thed.). Cambridge University Press.4720:[Regional core figures Netherlands].4324:(1930–2019), first female alderman in Utrecht4134:There are two main theatres in the city, the1186:their new lord. The heavily fortified castle990:of Utrecht came to exercise worldly power as16:City and municipality in Utrecht, Netherlands8:

6005:"Microsoft Word - Utrecht city document.doc"5402:(in Dutch). Gemeente Utrecht. Archived from4983:"Het ontstaan van de stad Utrecht (tot 100)"4126:, takes place in many of the city's venues.3641:. The building in the centre is the library.2177:

1357:'s construction of the city theatre (1941).1034:building was begun in 1254 after an earlier850:, traders and soldiers' wives and children.6688:. Ridderlijke Duitsche Orde. Archived from6662:(in Dutch). dick bruna huis. Archived from5803:. Utrecht.nl. 30 March 2011. Archived from4260:(1941–2006), businessman and philanthropist3668:Utrecht is home of one of the locations of3649:(est. 1636), the largest university of the667:

7575:

7529:

7515:

7507:

7315:

7301:

7293:

7150:

7136:

7128:

5513:Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute5480:Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute5280:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (5251:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (5170:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (5110:(in Dutch). Utrecht: SPOU. pp.5–40.5046:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (4066:The city has several music venues such as3998:Railway Museum (Nederlands Spoorwegmuseum)2820:Other Christian denominations (4.4%)2176:

2150:Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute2141:Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute1473:

1086:, and a 14th-century chapter house of the964:in 1522 (the last non-Italian pope before41:

6053:

4688:"Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand"4405:Learn how and when to remove this message4307:(born 1992), sprinter/heptathlon Olympian4098:there. Every summer there used to be the3200:Aerial view of Utrecht from the Dom Tower3192:View of the Oudegracht from the Dom Tower2775:, and the location of the offices of the6976:(in Czech). City of Brno. Archived from5675:"Kerkelijkheid en kerkbezoek, 2010/2013"5449:Dutch Seventeenth-Century Genre Painting4765:Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary4202:(1459–1523), head of the Catholic Church3719:statue at the Nijntjepleintje in Utrecht3204:Utrecht's cityscape is dominated by the2962:

2501:

7090:

5911:Historische Atlas van de stad Utrecht.4844:

4842:

4576:

4543:

3838:In 2017, Utrecht was named as a UNESCO3295:. Utrecht Centraal is a station on the1225:Prince Maurits in Utrecht, 31 July 16181199:Republic of the Netherlands (1579–1806)570:

548:

510:

500:

446:

438:

398:

365:

345:

310:

238:

226:

218:

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73:

7886:Provincial capitals of the Netherlands7876:Populated places in Utrecht (province)7861:40s establishments in the Roman Empire7029:Bibliography of the history of Utrecht6636:. aamu.nl. 6 June 2014. Archived from5893:from the original on 19 September 20205863:from the original on 22 September 20205273:

5244:

5163:

5070:. StadsOntwikkeling gemeente Utrecht.5039:

4627:(Technical report) (in Dutch). Delft:2636:

673:

592:Click on the map for a fullscreen view7035:Lourens, Piet; Lucassen, Jan (1997).6306:from the original on 23 December 20196175:from the original on 30 December 20076017:from the original on 23 February 20155451:. Yale University Press. p.65.5354:from the original on 24 December 20075302:from the original on 17 December 20075241:(in Dutch). Zutphen, the Netherlands.5028:from the original on 29 December 20084668:from the original on 26 December 20184297:(1888–1964), designer and architect (4220:(1927–2017), writer and illustrator (3846:will move from the Hague to Utrecht.3394:started operating, creating a direct648:

560:

527:

489:

478:

467:

459:

451:

435:3,043km (1,175sqmi)427:

419:

416:93.83km (36.23sqmi)411:

408:99.21km (38.31sqmi)403:

380:

370:

353:

7:

7871:Municipalities of Utrecht (province)6738:"web.archive.org – www.museum.uu.nl"6118:from the original on 6 February 20235985:from the original on 29 October 20105729:from the original on 30 January 20125629:from the original on 30 January 20215489:from the original on 7 December 20135380:from the original on 5 December 20075087:from the original on 6 December 20134916:from the original on 16 October 20084506:, United States as a friendship city4387:adding citations to reliable sources3670:TIAS School for Business and Society3176:(the 'old canal') in central Utrecht2955:, counts up to 820,000 inhabitants.2867:Population centres and agglomeration2812:Protestant Church in the Netherlands2779:, the main Dutch Protestant church.2777:Protestant Church in the Netherlands2516:Without recent migration background878:From the middle of the 3rd century,39:City and municipality in Netherlands6868:Hartley, Brandon (September 2011).6224:. Vareninutrecht.nl. Archived from6201:from the original on 6 January 20115953:"Kerken Kijken Utrecht | Home"5328:from the original on 9 January 20084552:Utrecht sodomy trials §Legacy4270:, first non-Japanese worldchampion3665:, which houses about 400 students.3637:View on the Science Park campus of895:, this first church was destroyed.424:5.38km (2.08sqmi)6876:from the original on 25 April 20126870:"When the Goths Have Their Picnic"6336:from the original on 10 April 20206254:from the original on 19 April 20116144:from the original on 29 March 20106088:from the original on 29 March 20155751:. Rabobankgroep.nl. Archived from4890:from the original on 7 August 20174827:from the original on 3 August 20174554:for the history of these demonyms.3739:Caryatids at the Winkel van Sinkel3303:(ICE) services to Germany through2168:Utrecht population pyramid in 20221097:were constructed in the city: the14:

6928:from the original on 25 June 20146902:from the original on 27 June 20146849:from the original on 17 July 20146823:from the original on 14 July 20186793:from the original on 24 July 20186562:from the original on 2 April 20156276:. Inutrechtuit.nl. Archived from5959:from the original on 24 July 20115681:from the original on 21 June 20195603:from the original on 30 June 20175218:from the original on 3 March 20084884:"10 of the world's unsung places"4664:(in Dutch). Het Waterschapshuis.4347:, with 15 international caps for4339:(born 2001), football player for4240:(1883–1931), painter and artist (3911:In July 2013, Utrecht hosted the3797:, who is best known for creating2538:Non-Western migration background1070:(Janskerk), originating in 1040;978:Archdiocese of Utrecht (695–1580)7469:

7110:

7093:

6718:from the original on 14 May 20176422:Bailey, Kat (30 December 2015).5519:from the original on 5 June 20165133:Geschiedenis van de Middeleeuwen4952:de Bruin, R.E.; Hoekstra, T.J.;4794:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary4497:

4486:, Germany, between 1970 and 19764477:

4463:

4450:

4437:

4363:

3663:University of Humanistic Studies3284:Utrecht Centraal railway station2726:

2709:

2692:

2675:

2658:

1454:Utrecht experiences a temperate1416:Utrecht Centraal railway station603:

285:

278:

252:

245:

234:Location of Utrecht municipality228:

203:

193:

177:

163:Utrecht Centraal railway station155:

141:

129:

112:

100:

80:

5775:"Cultuurhistorie en Monumenten"5545:"Utrechts onderzoek en cijfers"5008:van der Sijs, Nicoline (2001).4989:from the original on 2 May 20094662:Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland4374:needs additional citations for3913:European Youth Olympic Festival1433:, the music centre Vredenburg (1074:, building started in 1039 and819:), probably built in around 50771:For a chronological guide, see286:

266:Location within the Netherlands253:

6924:. stadsschouwburg-utrecht.nl.6302:(in Dutch). 15 February 2016.5829:. Map21ltd.com. Archived from4882:Blasi, Abigail (14 May 2012).3805:, which is listed on UNESCO's3691:HKU Utrecht School of the Arts3567:' ("The Inkpot") with fake UFO943:. In 723, the Frankish leader935:appointed their leader, Saint1:

7881:Populated places on the Rhine2966:Municipal Council (2022-2026)2527:Western migration background1407:were built. Around 2000, the1276:Modern history (1815–present)1266:War of the Spanish Succession1164:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor6922:"stadsschouwburg-utrecht.nl"6584:. kampong.nl. Archived from6526:"Kengetallen HU Jaarverslag"6195:"Container Terminal Utrecht"6055:10.1016/j.urbmob.2022.1000435061:Kloosterman, R.P.J. (2010).4258:Paul Fentener van Vlissingen4230:(1817–1890), meteorologist (4214:(born 1964), football player4022:museum includes the ancient3659:Shanghai Jiaotong University2788:Religions in Utrecht (2013)2483:, pp.87–88 (1400–1795)1318:English style landscape park1182:in the Seventeen Provinces.1018:remained as the Oversticht.6759:Etlon (30 September 2007).6442:"World-University-Rankings"4332:Glory middleweight champion4250:(1889–1942), Rear Admiral (4181:List of people from Utrecht4164:Notable people from Utrecht4102:festival, which celebrated4086:). Several Editions of the3778:Prins Clausbrug across the3696:There are many schools for3419:in Utrecht are operated by3184:The Oudegracht in the 1890s2481:Lourens & Lucassen 19971953:Average precipitation days1739:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)1599:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)1314:Nieuwe Hollandse Waterlinie1308:Contemporary map of Utrecht958:Adriaan Florenszoon Boeyens736:, when it was surpassed by464:3,646/km (9,440/sqmi)7914:

7542:Kingdom of the Netherlands7180:consists of 10 city parts7026:

5651:(in Dutch). Archived from5212:"Sint Pieterskerk Utrecht"4856:(in Dutch). Archived from4416:

4178:

3787:Utrecht School of the Arts3765:Utrecht School of the Arts2764:covers the whole kingdom.2181:

2147:

2138:

1476:

975:

770:

25:

18:

7866:Cities in the Netherlands7833:

7586:

7581:

7578:

7573:

7548:

7478:

7467:

7331:

7281:

6974:"Brno – Partnerská města"6843:"OudeMuziek:: Home"6761:"Volksbuurtmuseum wijk C"6714:. hetutrechtsarchief.nl.6660:"Centraal Museum Utrecht"6374:"Game capitals in Europe"6042:Journal of Urban Mobility5108:Jaarboek Oud Utrecht 20054796:(3rded.). Longman.4658:"Postcodetool for 3512GG"4527:List of mayors of Utrecht4010:Utrecht university museum3882:Stadium Nieuw Galgenwaard3767:. There is a specialised3753:Netherlands Film Festival3210:Cathedral of Saint Martin2972:

2639:

2478:

2208:—2091:

2043:

1999:

1952:

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1808:

1738:

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1511:

1508:

1505:

1502:

1499:

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1493:

1490:

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1166:. Charles V combined the1084:beguinage of St. Nicholas1028:Cathedral of Saint Martin913:Cathedral of Saint Martin591:

587:

453:•Municipality405:•Municipality311:

239:

227:

219:

173:

74:

61:

7158:Populated places in the6817:www.kruideniersmuseum.nl5237:Haverkate, H.M. (1985).5131:Janssen, H.P.H. (2002).3986:Museum Catharijneconvent3888:, association football,3140:

2152:(1901–present extremes)1466:) similar to all of the1103:dedicated to Saint James222:Domstad (Cathedral City)32:Utrecht (disambiguation)19:Not to be confused with6787:"English - Sonnenborch"6712:"hetutrechtsarchief.nl"6446:www.shanghairanking.com4532:Utrecht (agglomeration)4355:International relations4349:The Dutch National Team4147:Stadsschouwburg Utrecht4042:Sonnenborgh Observatory4030:Volksbuurtmuseum Wijk C3842:. In 2025 the national3803:Rietveld Schröder House3729:Rietveld Schröder House3621:subsidiary) as well as3476:Central Railway Station3472:bicycle parking station2762:ecclesiastical province1351:Rietveld Schröder House1284:People celebrating the1254:Old Hollandic Waterline1216:Centraal Museum Utrecht1180:ecclesiastical province1158:The end of independence927:set out to convert the919:in 1674 due to a storm.779:Origins (before 650 CE)269:Show map of Netherlands6872:. Another World Blog.5509:"Maandrecords De Bilt"5447:Wayne Franits (2004).5428:. Utrecht City Archive5400:"De Utrechtse (Werven"5266:Broer, C.J.C. (2000).4981:Het Utrechts Archief.4851:"Utrecht Monitor 2007"4285:(1952–2012), actress (4252:Battle of the Java Sea4187:See also the category4176:

4094:. The city also hosts3935:

3869:

3815:The Letters of Utrecht3782:

3763:, a department of the3740:

3732:

3720:

3642:

3574:Nederlandse Spoorwegen3568:

3348:Nederlandse Spoorwegen3313:Utrecht Vaartsche Rijn3285:

3201:

3193:

3185:

3177:

3166:

2771:, titular head of the2169:

1369:

1309:

1301:

1293:

1226:

1218:

920:

802:) and settling in the791:

790:'s 1652 map of Utrecht668:

299:Location within Europe92:St. Martin's Cathedral30:. For other uses, see7579:Constituent countries7082:at Knowledge (XXH)'s6326:"Toezicht - Rabobank"6220:Martijn Elsinghorst.5889:. 14 September 2020.5859:. 11 September 2020.5801:"Wijksite Binnenstad"5700:CBS Statline (2007).5649:"Katholiek Nederland"5623:"Aartsbisdom Utrecht"5186:"Janskerk Informatie"5156:Stöver, R.J. (1997).4208:(1939–2021), composer4171:

4114:festival, focused on4048:Betje Boerhave Museum3943:Aboriginal Art Museum3930:

3857:

3780:Amsterdam-Rhine Canal3777:

3738:

3726:

3715:

3636:

3555:

3321:Utrecht Leidsche Rijn3283:

3199:

3191:

3183:

3172:

3164:

2937:Driebergen-Rijsenburg2758:Archbishop of Utrecht2498:Inhabitants by origin2178:Historical population2167:

1414:The area surrounding1363:

1326:Industrial Revolution1322:Dutch railway network1307:

1299:

1286:liberation of Utrecht1283:

1270:Old Catholic Churches1224:

1208:Lambert de Hondt (II)1206:

1064:St. Salvator's Church906:

786:

530:•Summer (443:5m (16ft)6898:. theaterkikker.nl.6767:on 30 September 20076748:on 12 February 2008.6524:Hogeschool Utrecht.6140:. Autosnelwegen.nl.5270:(in Dutch). Utrecht.5160:(in Dutch). Utrecht.4383:improve this article4322:Wil Velders-Vlasblom4158:Festival aan de Werf4084:Festival Oude Muziek3807:World Heritage Sites3749:Early Music Festival3602:Dutch games industry3580:is headquartered in3542:Amsterdam-Rijnkanaal3398:connection from the3341:Dutch Railway Museum2602:Netherlands Antilles1529:Record high °C (°F)1111:Gertrude of Nivelles941:Bishopric of Utrecht556:3450–3455, 3500–3585461:•Density331:52.09083°N 5.12167°E121:Utrecht Science Park7431:Utrechtse Heuvelrug7039:. Amsterdam: NEHA.6692:on 25 February 20146666:on 17 February 20066588:on 18 February 20056505:on 29 February 20086222:"Rondvaart Utrecht"5955:. Kerkenkijken.nl.5192:on 30 December 20074189:People from Utrecht3702:Dutch school system3619:PlayStation Studios3335:. A former station3223:Utrecht Post Office2969:

2941:Utrechtse Heuvelrug2769:Old Catholic Church2179:

2000:Average snowy days1809:Record low °C (°F)1669:Daily mean °C (°F)1176:lordship of Utrecht1168:Seventeen Provinces1082:, the 15th-century1060:collegiate churches1022:Religious buildings773:Timeline of Utrecht743:Utrecht is home to680:fourth-largest city327: / 7562:Seat of government7446:Wijk bij Duurstede7323:Municipalities of7000:"Portland, Oregon"6954:on 15 January 20166896:"theaterkikker.nl"6614:on 3 December 20136478:on 16 January 20136391:"Game Development"6362:. 1 February 2020.6138:"Autosnelwegen.nl"6114:. 20 August 2019.5551:on 15 October 20095543:Gemeente Utrecht.5406:on 16 October 20084863:on 6 February 20164849:Gemeente Utrecht.4228:C.H.D. Buys Ballot4177:

4110:. In November the4020:Utrecht University3936:

3870:

3859:Triton rowing club3840:City of Literature3783:

3757:Herman Hertzberger3741:

3733:

3721:

3693:(3,000 students).3687:Hogeschool Utrecht3647:Utrecht University3643:

3639:Utrecht University3609:incubator program3604:. It was named by3569:

3494:motorways connect3404:Utrecht university3286:

3202:

3194:

3186:

3178:

3167:

2963:

2794:None (61.0%)2170:

1370:

1310:

1302:

1294:

1227:

1219:

1143:Wijk bij Duurstede950:Carolingian Empire921:

792:

745:Utrecht University421:•Water302:Show map of Europe28:Utrecht (province)7896:Germania Inferior7843:

7842:

7828:

7827:

7504:

7503:

7290:

7289:

6845:. Oudemuziek.nl.6497:Financial Times.6411:. 26 August 2020.6248:"50 JAAR REDERIJ"6163:Clarke, Michael.6084:. 27 April 2014.5655:on 4 October 20105077:978-90-73448-39-14886:. Lonely Planet.4803:978-1-4058-8118-04775:978-0-521-15255-64415:

4414:

4407:

4238:Theo van Doesburg4232:Buys-Ballot's law4124:experimental rock4092:Jaarbeurs Utrecht4072:Tivoli De Helling3880:, which plays in3844:literature museum3623:Sokpop Collective3611:Dutch Game Garden3337:Utrecht Maliebaan3317:Utrecht Overvecht3218:Nieuw Galgenwaard3154:

3153:

2749:

2748:

2646:Country/Territory2628:

2627:

2487:

2486:

2474:

2473:

2376:

2375:

2278:

2277:

2156:

2155:

2046:relative humidity1477:Climate data for1366:Winkel van Sinkel1262:Treaty of Utrecht1056:flying buttresses1006:and the Dukes of675:[ˈytəʁɛχ]650:[ˈytrɛxt]596:

595:

413:•Land376:Municipal council372:•Body336:52.09083; 5.12167119:Uithof centre in7903:

7721:'s-Hertogenbosch7576:

7552:National capital7531:

7524:

7517:

7508:

7473:

7441:Vijfheerenlanden7317:

7310:

7303:

7294:

7210:Vleuten-De Meern7152:

7145:

7138:

7129:

7123:

7115:

7114:

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7106:

7098:

7097:

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7086:

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7065:

7063:Official website7050:

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6830:

6828:

6809:

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6800:

6798:

6783:

6777:

6776:

6774:

6772:

6763:. Archived from6756:

6750:

6749:

6744:. Archived from6734:

6728:

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6725:

6723:

6708:

6702:

6701:

6699:

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6682:

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6675:

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6542:

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6539:

6537:

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6515:

6514:

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6488:

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6483:

6474:. Archived from6468:

6462:

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6448:. Archived from6438:

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5870:

5868:

5849:

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5840:

5838:

5833:on 7 August 20035823:

5817:

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5814:

5812:

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5765:

5764:

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5749:"Rabobank Groep"5745:

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5608:

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5587:

5586:

5584:

5582:

5567:

5561:

5560:

5558:

5556:

5547:. Archived from5540:

5529:

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5526:

5524:

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5498:

5496:

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5477:

5469:

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5250:

5242:

5234:

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5225:

5223:

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5202:

5201:

5199:

5197:

5188:. Archived from5182:

5176:

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5169:

5161:

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5147:

5146:

5128:

5122:

5121:

5103:

5097:

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4862:

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4846:

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4808:

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4780:

4779:

4744:

4738:

4737:

4735:

4733:

4728:. 1 January 20204714:

4708:

4707:

4705:

4703:

4698:. 1 January 20214684:

4678:

4677:

4675:

4673:

4654:

4648:

4647:

4645:

4643:

4637:

4631:. Archived from4626:

4610:

4601:

4600:

4598:

4596:

4581:

4564:

4561:

4555:

4548:

4504:Portland, Oregon4502:

4501:

4482:

4481:

4468:

4467:

4459:, Czech Republic4455:

4454:

4442:

4441:

4410:

4403:

4399:

4396:

4390:

4367:

4359:

4212:Marco van Basten4206:Louis Andriessen4155:

4144:

4068:TivoliVredenburg4062:Music and events4056:

4038:

4024:botanical garden4018:

4004:Utrecht Archives3992:Museum Speelklok3973:

3951:

3867:

3824:social sculpture3822:, Utrecht has a3606:Business Finland3591:

3566:

3521:and the Utrecht–3429:Euro-VI standard3368:Utrecht sneltram3325:Utrecht Terwijde3309:Utrecht Lunetten3301:InterCityExpress3293:Schiphol Airport3289:Utrecht Centraal3268:Public transport3242:Dutch Water Line2970:

2902:Vleuten-De Meern2855:

2845:

2835:

2825:

2819:

2809:

2799:

2793:

2773:Union of Utrecht2731:

2730:

2714:

2713:

2697:

2696:

2680:

2679:

2669:227,343 (62,8%)2663:

2662:

2637:

2502:

2393:

2388:

2380:

2379:

2295:

2290:

2282:

2281:

2197:

2192:

2184:

2183:

2180:

1956:

1474:

1432:

1402:

1231:Union of Utrecht1148:Hollandse IJssel1088:Teutonic Knights1080:St. Paul's Abbey832:Limes Germanicus757:Utrecht Centraal734:Dutch Golden Age726:Union of Utrecht722:High Middle Ages677:

671:

660:

659:

658:

652:

647:

640:

635:

634:

631:

630:

627:

624:

621:

618:

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612:

609:

583:

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578:

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342:

341:

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323:

320:

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289:

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270:

256:

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207:

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181:

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6479:

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6280:on 24 June 20116272:

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6250:. Schuttevaer.6246:

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5755:on 24 July 20115747:

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5725:. Domtoren.nl.5721:

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4638:on 3 March 20144635:

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4591:on 7 April 20144583:

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4573:

4568:

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4562:

4558:

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4496:

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4491:Other relations4476:

4462:

4449:

4436:

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